Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of disorders affecting movement, muscle tone, and posture, often caused by damage to the developing brain. For many families, a cerebral palsy diagnosis can be life-changing, leading to emotional, physical, and financial challenges. Understanding the causes of CP during birth is essential for both prevention and determining whether medical negligence played a role. Here, Simeone & Miller, LLP will delve into the common causes of cerebral palsy during birth and explore what families can do if they suspect their child’s condition was preventable.
Understanding Cerebral Palsy
Cerebral palsy is a neurological condition caused by abnormal brain development or damage, particularly in areas that control motor function. While some cases are linked to genetic or developmental issues before birth, others arise from complications during labor and delivery. These birth-related cases often stem from oxygen deprivation, physical trauma, or infections.
Common Causes of Cerebral Palsy During Birth
Oxygen Deprivation (Hypoxia)
A lack of oxygen to the baby’s brain during labor or delivery is one of the leading causes of cerebral palsy. This condition, known as hypoxia or hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), can occur due to several factors, including:
- Prolonged labor: Extended labor can increase the risk of oxygen deprivation, especially if the baby becomes distressed.
- Umbilical cord complications: Issues such as a prolapsed cord, nuchal cord (cord wrapped around the neck), or cord compression can reduce oxygen supply to the baby.
- Placental problems: Conditions like placental abruption (where the placenta detaches prematurely) or placenta previa can disrupt oxygen delivery.
Birth Trauma
Physical trauma during delivery can lead to brain injury and, subsequently, cerebral palsy. Common causes of birth trauma include:
- Improper use of delivery tools: The misuse of forceps or vacuum extractors can cause skull fractures, bleeding in the brain, or other injuries that result in CP.
- Macrosomia (large baby size): Delivering a larger-than-average baby can increase the risk of physical trauma, particularly during vaginal delivery.
- Shoulder dystocia: This occurs when the baby’s shoulder becomes stuck in the birth canal, leading to potential nerve or brain damage if not handled correctly.
Infections
Maternal or fetal infections during pregnancy or delivery can also increase the risk of cerebral palsy. Examples include:
- Chorioamnionitis: An infection of the placental tissues and amniotic fluid can cause inflammation and increase the risk of brain injury.
- Sepsis: If the baby develops an infection after birth, it can lead to complications that contribute to cerebral palsy.
Jaundice and Kernicterus
Severe jaundice, a condition where a baby’s skin and eyes appear yellow due to excess bilirubin, can lead to a condition called kernicterus if left untreated. Kernicterus is a type of brain damage that can result in cerebral palsy. This is preventable with proper monitoring and treatment, such as phototherapy.
Delayed Delivery or Failure to Perform a Timely C-Section
In some cases, medical professionals may fail to recognize signs of fetal distress, such as abnormal heart rate patterns, and delay necessary interventions. For instance, not performing a timely C-section in the presence of complications can lead to oxygen deprivation or physical trauma, increasing the risk of CP.
The Role of Medical Negligence
Not all cases of cerebral palsy during birth are preventable, but some are the result of medical negligence. Negligence may occur when healthcare providers:
- Fail to monitor the baby’s heart rate and vital signs during labor.
- Delay necessary interventions, such as a C-section.
- Misuse delivery tools like forceps or vacuum extractors.
- Fail to address maternal infections or other complications promptly.
- Neglect to treat conditions like jaundice that can lead to brain damage.
If negligence is suspected, it’s crucial for families to consult with an experienced medical malpractice attorney to explore their legal options.
Recognizing the Signs of Cerebral Palsy
Cerebral palsy may not be immediately evident at birth. However, early signs often emerge within the first year of life. Parents should be alert to symptoms such as:
- Delayed milestones, such as rolling over, sitting, or walking.
- Abnormal muscle tone (either too stiff or too floppy).
- Difficulty with coordination and motor skills.
- Persistent reflexes that typically disappear as a baby matures.
Early diagnosis and intervention can improve outcomes and quality of life for children with CP.
What to Do If You Suspect Medical Negligence
If your child has been diagnosed with cerebral palsy and you believe medical errors during labor or delivery contributed to the condition, it’s essential to take the following steps:
- Obtain Medical Records: Collect your medical records and your child’s birth and neonatal records for review.
- Consult a Specialist: Seek a medical expert who can evaluate whether negligence occurred.
- Contact an Attorney: A qualified medical malpractice attorney can investigate your case, gather evidence, and determine whether you have grounds for a claim.
How Simeone & Miller, LLP Can Help
At Simeone & Miller, LLP, we understand cerebral palsy’s profound impact on families. Our experienced attorneys are dedicated to helping you uncover the truth, hold negligent parties accountable, and secure the compensation you need for medical care, therapy, and other expenses. If you believe your child’s cerebral palsy was caused by medical negligence, contact us today for a free consultation in Washington, DC.
Proper medical care can often prevent cerebral palsy during birth. Families can seek justice by understanding the common causes and recognizing the signs of negligence. Contact Simeone & Miller, LLP, today.
